Card 13

卡牌13

In new decks card 13 is “Death,” but in decks it has no name. The with a is the of the grim . It is not the Angel of Death, who was as a body full of eyes, but it some of death. A in the hand of the Greek Titan (the Roman ), who both time and and was king of the of the dead. In Greek and Roman , a death a : “eat, drink, and be merry, for we shall die.” In the Ages, a was used to the : life is , so we for the life in the .

在近代塔罗牌中，第13张牌被称为“死神”，但在早期的马赛塔罗牌中它是没有名称的。这个挥着镰刀的骷髅头是典型的死神形象。它并非中世纪的死亡天使，因为死亡天使的身体上布满了眼睛，但显然这张牌代表了某种死亡的化身。镰刀出现在希腊第二代天神：克洛诺斯（罗马的土星）的手中，他是时间和收获的象征，曾是至福乐土的国王。在希腊和罗马文化中，骷髅象征着不可避免的死亡，带有一种享乐主义的信息：“既然明日将死，今日就应吃喝玩乐”。在中世纪基督教，骷髅却代表着相反的含义：尘世的生活是短暂的，所以我们应该更好地为来世的永生做准备。

card 13 cuts the past

13号牌切断过去

The image, the big blade of the , the body parts, and the dark of the card the idea of death and life. The shade of the black above the ’s blade the total of the cut, as it where it . Still, it is a rule that we — never to the death of who is alive. At most, the card can the of a death that has on those who are alive. For , it can with loss or a of .

骷髅形象、大镰刀、身体碎片，整张牌面都是暗黑的氛围，暗示了死亡对生命的杀伐和终结。在刀刃上方，镰刀挥过之处，黑色地面覆盖了一层黄色的阴影，体现出切割的本质。不过，我们应该遵守一个惯例规则——它不用于预示活人的死亡。最多，这张牌可以代表已经发生的死亡对活着的人的影响。比如，它可以代表承受失去或者一段哀悼的时间。

More the card can the end of . For , it may be the end of a in life, off a , away to start a new life , or being fired from a job, and so on. The sharp and of the card an than a . It also gives a of .

更为通常的情况，这张牌可以代表某件事的结束。例如，它可能是生命中某一阶段的结束，斩断一段关系、搬去新地方开始新生活、结束一份工作，等等。这张牌的尖锐和果断的特点代表的是一个突然的终止，而非渐渐发生的改变。它也给人一种无可奈何的感觉。

The pair of male and heads on the , one of them , can the or other of who were for the . on the woman’s head and the blade on the man’s head may a their or off on them.

地上的一对男女头像，其中一个戴着皇冠，可以代表问卜者的父母或其他重要的权威人物。骷髅踩着女人的头，刀架在男人的头上，可能代表对长辈掌控的反抗，或者是切断对他们的情感依赖。

card 13 is with

13号牌应对改变

The black , the with the , the limbs, and the grim of the all give the card an and . This the fact that any in life an . Even when it is a , such as off from a that is bad for us, it is still a move away from the known and the a new and scary of . This is made when the card is , with the black on top the ’s in the .

黑色的地面、挥着镰刀的骷髅、被砍断的肢体，以及严肃的数字13，这张牌令人恐惧不安。它体现了一种真相：生活中任何意义重大的变化总会带来强烈的情绪起伏。哪怕是积极的改变，比如离开一个对自身不利的环境，意味着失去熟悉感和确认感，步入一个新的、可怕的未知领域。当这张牌出现逆位的时候，这种情绪就更强烈了，上面的黑色地面象征着问卜者在面对改变时的困难。

The of the card can be for a who is new to tarot cards. , if card in the , it would be to refer to it right away and that it is about and not about death. For a to from past and start new, card 13 is a good sign. We can also that the is the not in front of a live , but over heads and limbs on the . Thus, it may the end of that has lost its and .

这张牌阴沉的外表会让刚接触塔罗牌的人感到不安。因此，如果13号牌出现在占卜中，最好一开始就提到它，解释清楚它代表变化，不一定代表死亡。对于一个希望斩断过去并开始新阶段的人来说，13号牌是个好兆头。我们还可以看到，骷髅的镰刀对着的不是活人，而是摊开在地上的头和破碎的肢体。因此，它可能代表残缺失活的事物的终结。

card 13 the

13号牌凸显本质

Card 13 is the first card in the suit a naked , but it is in an and way “naked to the bone.” The , which when other parts of the body have , is a and . The neck bone is into four parts and may thus the of . Old speak about the Looz() bone, which after the decay of all the . This is the seed from which the body will grow once again in the final . Some it with the neck bone and with the base of the spine, which is red in the card.

13号牌是塔罗牌中第一张完全裸体的牌，但它极端地、明目张胆地 “裸露透骨”。身体的其他部分已经腐烂，骨架仍然存在，恒远而稳定。颈骨分为四部分，从而可以代表物质的稳定性。古老的犹太经文谈到了Looz（基本）骨，身体其他部位腐烂后它依然存在。在最后的复活中，基本骨是身体再次生长的种子。有些人认为它是颈骨，有些人认为它是脊柱的底部，在牌中被标识成红色。

The card may a shock or a that the true of . It can also the and up the . For , it can be a that makes it to and . The hardy also may be a sort of “moral ” that in a time of .

这张牌可能描述了一种冲击或危机，暴露了事物的真实本质。它也可以象征保持本质和舍弃虚表。例如，在经济困难的时期，不得不放弃奢侈品和肤浅的享乐。坚韧的骨架也可能是一种 “道德脊梁”，在危机时刻显现。

card 13 puts in

13号牌洞察透彻

In the book to , a the that “death is an .” As many in their own terms, an of the of death gives us a on what is in life. In Rome it was to call out mori(“ death”) in a , to the hero that he is only a . In a , monks on a human skull or in a in order to be aware of the of human .

在 广为流传的《伊克斯坦之旅》中，一位美洲原住民巫师教导他说：“死亡给人启迪。” 多种文化中都有相关的表述，正因为死亡无可避免，恰恰能让我们正确看待生命中真正重要的东西。在古罗马，人们习惯于在凯旋游行中高呼 mori（铭记死亡），以提醒活着凯旋的英雄，他只是一介凡人。类似的精神体现有，佛教徒们对着人的头骨或者在墓地里进行冥想，以便清楚认知人的存在不过短暂一瞬。牌面底部戴着皇冠的头颅告诉我们：死亡面前，人人平等，国王和普通人都一样。从这一角度，第13张牌可以代表能够区分重要和次要的成熟稳定的现实观念。

card 13 opens a new path

13号牌开启新道路

to the of the card, the is full of and . The faces right, an the . The cut limbs on the may us of the of dry bones in the book of : by and in a new form. The ’s blade can also be seen as some sort of path in the . We can that from the of the and the , the card and loss. But the of the old the for new to be born. In this , card 13 not only the end of past , but also the of a new .

不同于这张牌勾起的毛骨悚然的联想，这幅插图充满了动态活力。骷髅朝向右边，表示向着未来前进。地上被砍断的肢体可能让我们想起《以西结书》中枯骨的样子：解体后以新样貌重组复活。镰刀也可以看成朝着未来弯曲而上的路径。从当下的情况和目前的结构来看，我们可以理解成这张牌代表着结束和失去，但是旧事物的瓦解将为新事物的诞生扫清障碍。从这个角度来说，第13张牌不仅代表旧事物的结束，也代表全新开始的可能。

翻译自：

The Tarot : A Guide to ,  

—— Yoav Ben-Dov